DARASI NA BAKWAI (7) WHAT IS INTERNET?

MENE NE CIBIYAR SADARWA? ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️

• Intanet: babbar hanyar sadarwace wacce ke hada kwamfutoci a duk duniya.Ta hanyar Intanet, mutane na iya raba bayanai da sadarwa daga ko'ina tare da haɗin Intanet.
• Yanar gizo: babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta biliyoyin kwamfutoci da sauran na'urorin lantarki.
• Yanar gizo babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta duniya wacce ke hada tsarin kwamfuta a duk duniya.
• intanet itace cibiyar sadarwar ta lantarki wacce ke hada cibiyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta da kayan kwastomomi na kungiyoyi a duk duniya.

Menene Yanar Gizo-gizo (WEB)?
⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
Yanar Gizo-Gizon Duniya(w.w.w) - galibi ana kiranta Gidan yanar gizo (WEB) a gajarce - tarin gidajen yanar gizo daban-daban zaka iya shiga ta hanyar Intanet. Shafin yanar gizo ya kunshi abubuwan rubutu, hotuna, da sauran albarkatu. Shafukan yanar gizo na iya yin kama da sauran hanyoyin watsa labarai - kamar labaran jarida ko shirye-shiryen talabijin — ko kuma suna iya mu'amala ta hanyar da ta dace da kwamfutoci. Da zarar an haɗa ka da Intanet, za ka iya samun damar duba yanar gizo ta amfani da nau'ikan aikace-aikacen da ake kira mai bincike (WEB BROWSER) na gidan yanar gizo. Kawai ka tuna cewa shi kansa WEB BROWSER ba Intanet bane, kawai yana nuna gidajen yanar sadarwar (WEBSITES) da aka adana a Intanet. Yaya Intanet ke aiki?
⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
A wannan lokacin zaku iya yin mamaki, ta yaya Intanet ke aiki? Amsar dai tana da rikitarwa kuma zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci don bayani. Madadin haka, bari mu duba wasu mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku sani. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa yanar gizo babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta duniya, wacce take hada wayoyin tarho na tagulla, wayoyin TV, da kuma igiyoyin fiber optic. Hatta hanyoyin sadarwar mara waya kamar Wi-Fi da 2G/3G/4G/5G/LTE sun dogara da wadannan igiyoyi na zahiri don samun damar Intanet. Lokacin da ka ziyarci gidan yanar gizo, kwamfutarka zata aika da buƙata akan waɗannan wayoyi zuwa uwar garke (server). uwar garken ita ce inda ake adana gidajen yanar gizo, kuma yana aiki sosai kamar rumbun kwamfutarka. Da zarar buƙata ta zo, uwar garke zata sake dawo da gidan yanar gizon kuma ta aika da bayanan daidai zuwa kwamfutarka. Abin ban mamaki shine duk wannan yana faruwa ne cikin yan daƙiƙu kaɗan! RABE-RABEN CIBIYAR SADARWA (INTERNET)
⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
Mafi yawan nau'ikan haɗin intanet sun haɗa da:

• Digital Subscriber Line DSL (layin biyan kuɗi na dijital)
• kebul broadband.
• fiber optic broadband.
• mara waya ko Wi-Fi broadband.
• tauraron dan adam da kuma wayar hannu.
• layin haya na sadaukarwa.

Mu hadu a darasi na gaba.

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DARASI NA SHIDA (6) COMPUTER NETWORK.

MENE NE CIBIYAR SADARWAR KWAMFUTA (COMPUTER NETWORK) Cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta (computer network): Rukuni ne na kwmfutoci waɗanda ke amfani da saitunan ladabi na sadarwa na yau da kullun, kan haɗin dijital don manufar raba albarkatun da ke kan (node) ɗin cibiyar sadarwa. RABE-RABEN CIBIYAR SADARWAR KWAMFUTA ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️

1. LAN (Cibiyar Sadarwa na Yanki)
2. PAN (Keɓaɓɓen Yankin Yanar Gizo)
3. MAN (Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Gari)
4. WAN (Babban Wurin Yankin Sadarwa)

ko kasan yadda ake hada cctv camera da wayarka shiga nan domin ka karanata cctv camera

1. Local Area Network (LAN)wani rukuni ne na kwamfutoci da ke hade da juna a wani karamin yanki kamar gini, ofishi.
AMFANIN LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Ana amfani da LAN don haɗa kwamfutoci na mutum biyu ko fiye ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kamar su biyun da aka karkace, kebul ɗin coaxial, da sauransu.
• Ba shi da tsada sosai kamar yadda aka gina shi da kayan aiki masu tsada kamar su ɗalibai, adaftan cibiyar sadarwa, da igiyoyin ethernet.
• Ana canza wurin bayanan cikin sauri akan hanyar sadarwar Yanki.
• Local Area Network yana ba da tsaro mafi girma.
2. Personal Area Network (PAN)
Keɓaɓɓen Yankin Sadarwar yanar gizo(PAN): cibiyar sadarwa ce da aka tsara tsakanin mutum ɗaya,mafi yawanci yana tsakanin kewayan mita goma ne (10). AMFANIN KEBABBAN YANKIN SADARWAR YANAR GIZO ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Ana amfani da hanyar sadarwa Keɓaɓɓu don haɗa na'urorin kwamfuta na amfanin kai da aka sani da Keɓaɓɓen Yanki.
• Keɓaɓɓen Yankin Sadarwar ƙasa ya mamaye kimanin fadin yanki na ƙafa 30.
• Na'urorin komputa na sirri waɗanda ake amfani dasu don haɓaka keɓaɓɓen hanyar sadarwar mutum sune kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, wayoyin hannu, mai kunna rediyo da tashoshin wasanni.
RABE-RABEN PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar waya.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar iska.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar iska: Cibiyar Keɓaɓɓen hanyar sadarwa ta haɓaka ta hanyar amfani da fasahohi mara waya, kamar su WiFi, Bluetooth Yana da ƙananan hanyar sadarwa.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar waya: An ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwar Keɓaɓɓe ta amfani da USB.
Shin kasan mene ne cyber security? idan bakasaniba shiga nan ka karanata cyber security Misalan Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Yankin Sadarwar Jiki: Tsarin Yankin Jiki shine hanyar sadarwa wacce take tafiya tare da mutum. Misali, hanyar sadarwar tafi da gidanka tare da mutum. A ce mutum ya kafa haɗin hanyar sadarwa, sannan kuma ya ƙirƙiri haɗi tare da wata na'ura don raba bayani.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Layi: Ana iya ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwar layi a cikin gida, amfi saninta da hanyar sadarwar gida. An tsara cibiyar sadarwar gida don hada na'urori kamar masu buga takardu, kwamfuta, talabijin amma basu da intanet.
• Karamin Ofishin Gida: Ana amfani dashi don haɗa nau'ikan na'urori zuwa intanet da kuma hanyar sadarwar kamfani ta amfani da VPN.
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Cibiyar sadarwar yankin babban birni: cibiyar sadarwa ce da ke rufe babban yankin ƙasa ta hanyar haɗa wani LAN daban don samar da babbar hanyar sadarwa. AMFANIN MAN ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Hukumomin gwamnati suna amfani da MAN don haɗawa yan ƙasa da masana'antu masu zaman kansu.
• A cikin MAN, LAN daban-daban suna haɗuwa da juna ta layin musayar tarho.
• Tana da zango mai nisa da ya fi na Local Area Network (LAN).
• Ana amfani da MAN wajen sadarwa tsakanin bankuna a cikin gari.
• Ana iya amfani da shi a tashar Jirgin Sama.
• Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin kwaleji a cikin birni.
• Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don sadarwa a tsakanin sojoji.
ko kasan yadda zaka karanta PDF file da wayar java? shiga nan ka karanata KARANTA PDF FILE da java phone
4. WAN (Babban Wurin Yankin Sadarwa)
Babbar Hanyar Sadarwa: wata hanyar sadarwa ce da ta faɗaɗa kan wani yanki da yawa kamar jihohi ko ƙasashe. ALAMOMIN WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Hanyar Sadarwa ta WAN ta fi cibiyar sadarwar LAN girma.
• Hanyar Sadarwa ta WAN ba'a iyakance ta wuri ɗaya ba, amma ta faɗi a kan wani babban yanki ta hanyar layin tarho, layin fiber optic ko hanyoyin tauraron dan adam.
• Yanar gizo na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan WAN a duniya.
• Ana amfani da Sadarwar Wide Area Network a fagen Kasuwanci, gwamnati, da ilimi.
AMFANIN WAN ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️ ⬇️⬇️⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Nazarin Yankin graphics:kungiyar Sadarwa ta WAN tana ba da babban yanki. A ce idan reshen ofishinmu yana cikin wani gari na daban to za mu iya haɗaka da su ta hanyar WAN, Intanet yana samarda layin hawa wanda zamu iya haɗa shi da wani reshe.
• Karkatar da bayanai: Idan akwai hanyar sadarwar WAN, bayanai suna da yawa. Sabili da haka, ba mu buƙatar siyan imel, fayiloli ko saitunan ajiya.
• Samun fayilolin da aka sabunta: Kamfanonin software suna aiki akan uwar garken (server) kai tsaye. Saboda haka, masu shirye-shiryen suna samun fayilolin da aka sabunta a cikin sakan.
• Musayar sakonni: A cikin hanyar sadarwar WAN, ana watsa saƙonni cikin sauri. Aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo kamar Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype suna ba ku damar sadarwa tare da abokai.
• Raba software da albarkatu: A cikin hanyar sadarwa ta WAN, zamu iya raba software da sauran albarkatu kamar rumbun kwamfutarka, RAM.
• Kasuwancin duniya: Zamu iya yin kasuwanci ta yanar gizo a duniya.
• Babban bandwidth: Idan muka yi amfani da layukan hawa don kamfaninmu to wannan yana ba da babban (bandwidth). Babban faɗin (bandwidth) yana ƙaruwa da saurin canjawa bayanai wuri wanda hakan yana ƙara haɓakar kamfaninmu.
yadda zaka samu kudi cikin sauki shiga nan ka karanta yadda zaka samu kudi RASHIN AMFANIN WAN ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Matsalar tsaro: Cibiyar sadarwar WAN tana da al'amuran rashin tsaro idan aka kwatanta da LAN da cibiyar sadarwar MAN kamar yadda aka haɗa dukkanin fasahohi tare wanda ke haifar da matsalar tsaro.
• Yana buƙatar Firewall da riga-kafin software: Ana iya canza bayanan a kan intanet wanda za a iya sauyasu ko satar su ta hanyar masu satar bayanan (hackers), don haka ana buƙatar amfani da Firewall. Wasu mutane na iya allurar kwayar cutar a cikin tsarin mu don haka ana buƙatar riga-kafi don karekai daga irin wannan ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Babban Saiti: Kudin shigarwa na cibiyar sadarwar WAN yana da yawa saboda ya haɗa siyan hanyoyin magudanar, sauyawa.
• Yanada wahalar magance matsaloli: Yana mamaye babban yanki saboda haka gyara matsalar yana da wahala.
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Kudakaci fita ta gaba.

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