DARASI NA UKU (3)

RABA-RABEN KWAMFUTA Rabe-raben Kwamfuta: Tun farkon komfuta, nau'ikan injina suna ba da sabis daban-daban. Kwamfutoci galibi suna da girma kamar waɗanda suke zaune a wani katafaren gini kamar ɗan littafin rubutu ko ma microcontroller a cikin saka ko tsarin wayar hannu. Ana iya rarraba kwakwalwa gabaɗaya ta nau'ikan ko girma da ƙarfi kamar haka, kodayake akwai maɓalli mai yawa. Dangane da Girmanta; Kwamfutoci sun banbanta dangane da damar sarrafa bayanai. An rarraba su bisa ga manufar sarrafa bayanai da aiki, Dangane da aiki, an rarraba kwamfutoci kamar haka:-

• Micro computer Micro Computer karamar computer ce. Injinanka masu zaman kansu daidai yake da microcomputer. Mainframe da Mini Computer sune magabatan dukkannin kwamfutocin microcomputers. Hadakar Kayan kera kere yana rage girman Mainframe da Minicomputer. Micro Computer Ta hanyar fasaha, microcomputer komputa ce inda Sipu (cibiyar aiki ta tsakiya (kwakwalwar inji) ta ƙunshi mai sarrafawa guda ɗaya, microprocessor, kayan shigar / shigar kayan aiki, da naúrar ajiya (ƙwaƙwalwa) Waɗannan abubuwan suna da mahimmanci don samun dace aiki na microcomputer. Micro-kwakwalwa musamman waɗanda aka kirkira don amfanin gaba ɗaya kamar nishaɗi, ilimi, da dalilan aiki. To, sanannen Hanyar 'Microcomputers. Ire-iren Micro Computer
• Kwamfutocin tebur
• kwamfyutocin cinya
• mataimakin dijital na sirri (PDA)
• allunan
• tarho
  
• Minicomputer Minicomputer: ba karamin aiki bane. Aƙalla, ba a cikin hanyar da yawancinmu ke tunanin ƙarami ba. Kun san girman kwamfutar ku da dangin ta. Wani karamin na'urar komputa kuma ana kiranta ƙarami. Aangare ne na ƙananan kwamfutoci waɗanda aka gabatar wa duniya daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Businessesananan kamfanoni da ƙananan kamfanoni ke amfani da su. Karamin kwamfiyuta kwamfyuta ce wacce ke da dukkan halayen babban pc, amma girmanta yakai ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da waɗancan. Hakanan za'a iya san karamin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a matsayin matsakaicin zangon pc. Icananan na'urori sune tsarukan masu amfani da yawa inda fiye da masu amfani ɗaya zasu iya aiki lokaci ɗaya. Mai amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa Minicomputer na iya ƙarfafa masu amfani da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, ko kuma za ku iya bayyana cewa minicomputer tsarin sarrafawa ne da yawa. Additionari ga haka, ikon sarrafa minicomputers ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da ƙarfin babban firam da manyan kwamfutoci. Daban-daban Na Minicomputers
• PC kwamfutar hannu
• Wayoyin hannu
• Littattafan rubutu
• Shafar Allon allo
• Babban Wasan Kida
• Desktop Comananan Kwamfuta
  
• Mainframe Tana nufin irin babbar kwamfutar da ke tafiyar da dukkan kamfanoni, Babbar manhajar tana nuna nau'in kwamfutar da ke tafiyar da dukkan kamfanoni. Kwamfutocin Mainframe na iya saukar da su a cikin manyan ɗakunan sanyaya iska saboda girmanta a cikin duniyar yanzu, inda dukkan kamfanoni, sana’o’i, da sadarwa suke na ainihi. babban kwamfuta Don haka don yin duk wannan ƙoƙarin, buƙatar komputa mai tasirin gaske akan ɓangaren mai masaukin baki, wanda ke aiwatar da kwatance da bayar da fitarwa a cikin lokaci. Dangane da amfani da kwamfutoci a cikin duniyar zamani, zamu iya amfani da pc na rarrabawa a cikin Supercomputer, Mainframe Computer, da Mini Computer da kuma nau'ikan microcomputer. Babbar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta fi Mini da Microcomputer ƙarfi, amma sun fi Supercomputer ƙarfi. Babban kwamfyutar da aka yi amfani da ita a manyan kamfanoni. Babban banbanci tsakanin babbar kwamfuta da babbar manhajar kwamfuta ita ce, babbar komputa tana tasar da dukkan karfinta don aiwatar da shiri cikin sauri. Sabanin haka, babban mahimman bayanai suna amfani da ikonta don gudanar da aikace-aikace da yawa lokaci guda. A cikin takamaiman hanyoyi, manyan firam suna da tasiri fiye da manyan kwamfyutoci saboda suna ƙarfafa aikace-aikace iri ɗaya. Koyaya, manyan kwamfutoci zasu iya yin shirye-shirye ɗaya da sauri fiye da babban komputa. Mashahuran Mainframe kwakwalwa
• IBM 1400 jerin.
• 700/7000 jerin.
• Tsarin / 360.
• Tsarin / 370.
• IBM 308X.
• Supercomputer Shine kwamfuta mafi girma,da sauri, kuma mafi tsada a duniya. Amfani da Supercomputers Yau manyan kwamfyutoci ba za su iya yin lissafi kawai ba; suna aiwatar da bayanai masu yawa a layi daya tare da rarraba ayyukan sarrafa kwamfuta zuwa dubun dubatan CPUs. Supercomputers da ke aiki a cibiyoyin bincike, hukumomin gwamnati, da kamfanoni suna yin lissafin lissafi ban da tattara bayanai, tattarawa, rarrabawa, da tantance bayanai.
  
  Hasashen Yanayi Masanin yanayin yankin ya kafa asalin sa ne bisa bayanan da manyan kwamfyutocin da NOAA ke bayarwa ko kuma Hukumar kula da Yankin Yankin Kasa da Yanayi. Tsarin NOAA na aiwatar da ayyukan rumbun adana bayanai, lissafi, da lissafi akan dimbin bayanan da aka tattara daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar da kuma duniya. Processingarfin sarrafawa na manyan kwamfyutoci yana taimaka wa masana ilimin kimiyar yanayi hango nesa, ba kawai yiwuwar samun ruwan sama a makwabtanku ba amma hanyoyin guguwa gami da yuwuwar faɗawa. Binciken Kimiyya Yawa kamar yanayi, nazarin ilimin kimiyya ya dogara ne akan iyawar yawan cushewar manyan kwamfutoci. Misali, masu binciken taurari a NASA suna nazarin bayanan dake gudana daga tauraron dan adam a doron kasa, rediyo na doron kasa da na’urar hangen nesa da kuma binciken da ke bin tsarin rana. Masu bincike a Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai game da Nukiliya, ko CERN, sun gano kwayar Higgs-Boson ta hanyar tantance dimbin bayanan da Babban Hadron Collider ya kirkira. Ma'adanan Bayanai Yawancin kwamfyutoci da yawa suna da mahimmanci don cire bayanai daga ɗanyen bayanin da aka tara daga gonakin bayanai a kewayen bene ko gajimare. Ta hanyar misali, kamfanoni na iya yin nazarin bayanan da aka tara a cikin rajistar kudaden su don taimakawa sarrafa haja ko hangen nesa kasuwa. Kasuwancin Inshorar Rayuwa suna amfani da manyan kwamfyutoci don rage haɗarinsu na aiki. Hakanan, kamfanonin da ke ba da inshorar kiwon lafiya suna rage farashi da kuɗin kwastomomi ta amfani da manyan kwamfyutoci don nazarin fa'idodi da zaɓukan magani daban-daban. Manyan Mashahuran Kwamfutoci biyar:-
• JAGUAR, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Oak Ridge na kasa
• NEBULAE, China
• ROADRUNNER, Los Alamos National Laboratory
• KRAKEN, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa
• JUGENE, Juelich Supercomputing Center, Jamus

HALAYYAR/DABI`UN KWAMFUTA

1. Sauri: - Kamar yadda kuka sani kwamfuta na iya aiki cikin sauri. Yana daukar daƙiƙa kaɗan don ƙididdigar da muke ɗaukar awoyi kafin mu kammala. Za ka yi mamakin sanin cewa kwamfuta na iya yin umarni miliyan (1,000,000) har ma fiye acikin dakika guda. Sabili da haka, zamu ƙayyade saurin komfuta dangane da microsecond (10-6 na biyu) ko nanosecond (10 zuwa iko -9 ɓangare na biyu). Daga wannan zaku iya tunanin irin saurin da kwamfutarku ke yi.
2. Cikakke (accuracy): - Matsayin daidaiton kwamfuta yana da girma sosai kuma kowane lissafi ana yin sa ne da daidaito iri daya. Matsayin daidaito shine 7. ƙaddara bisa ƙirar kwamfuta. Kuskuren cikin komputa ya samo asali ne daga bayanan mutane da kuma ba daidai ba.
3. Hankali (diligence): - Kwamfuta ba ta da gajiya, rashin natsuwa, gajiya, da sauransu.Zata iya yin aiki na tsawon awanni ba tare da ƙirƙirar wani kuskure ba. Idan za a yi miliyoyin lissafi, kwamfuta za ta yi kowane lissafi da daidai. Saboda wannan damar ya fi ƙarfin mutum a cikin nau'in aiki na yau da kullun.
4. Bayani (versatility): - Yana nufin damar aiwatar da nau'ikan aiki daban. Kuna iya amfani da kwamfutarku don shirya ragamar biyan kuɗi. Lokaci na gaba zaku iya amfani dashi don gudanar da kaya ko don shirya lissafin lantarki.
5. Ikon Tunawa: - Kwamfuta tana da ikon adana kowane irin bayanai ko bayanai. Duk wani bayani ana iya adana shi kuma a tuna shi muddin kuna buƙatarsa, na kowane lambobin shekaru. Ya dogara ne akanka akan yawan adadin bayanan da kake son adanawa a cikin kwamfuta da kuma lokacin da zaka rasa ko dawo da waɗannan bayanai.
6. Bata da IQ: - Kwamfuta injinan bebe ne kuma baya iya yin kowane aiki ba tare da umarni daga mai amfani ba. Yana aiwatar da umarnin cikin tsananin gudu da daidaito. Ya kamata ku yanke shawarar abin da kuke son yi kuma a wane jerin. Don haka kwamfuta ba zata iya daukar shawararta kamar yadda zaka iya ba.
7. Bata da shauki: - Ba shi da ji ko motsin rai, dandano, ilimi da gogewa. Don haka baya gajiya koda bayan dogon awowi na aiki. Ba ya rarrabe tsakanin masu amfani.
8. Ma'aji (storage): - Kwamfuta tana da ginanniyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya inda zata iya adana bayanai masu yawa. Hakanan zaka iya adana bayanai a cikin naurorin ajiya na biyu kamar floppies, wanda za'a iya ajiye shi a wajen kwamfutarka kuma za'a iya ɗaukarsa zuwa wasu kwamfutocin.

Kukasance damu a darasi na gaba.