DARASI NA BAKWAI (7) WHAT IS INTERNET?

MENE NE CIBIYAR SADARWA? ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️

• Intanet: babbar hanyar sadarwace wacce ke hada kwamfutoci a duk duniya.Ta hanyar Intanet, mutane na iya raba bayanai da sadarwa daga ko'ina tare da haɗin Intanet.
• Yanar gizo: babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta biliyoyin kwamfutoci da sauran na'urorin lantarki.
• Yanar gizo babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta duniya wacce ke hada tsarin kwamfuta a duk duniya.
• intanet itace cibiyar sadarwar ta lantarki wacce ke hada cibiyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta da kayan kwastomomi na kungiyoyi a duk duniya.

Menene Yanar Gizo-gizo (WEB)?
⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
Yanar Gizo-Gizon Duniya(w.w.w) - galibi ana kiranta Gidan yanar gizo (WEB) a gajarce - tarin gidajen yanar gizo daban-daban zaka iya shiga ta hanyar Intanet. Shafin yanar gizo ya kunshi abubuwan rubutu, hotuna, da sauran albarkatu. Shafukan yanar gizo na iya yin kama da sauran hanyoyin watsa labarai - kamar labaran jarida ko shirye-shiryen talabijin — ko kuma suna iya mu'amala ta hanyar da ta dace da kwamfutoci. Da zarar an haɗa ka da Intanet, za ka iya samun damar duba yanar gizo ta amfani da nau'ikan aikace-aikacen da ake kira mai bincike (WEB BROWSER) na gidan yanar gizo. Kawai ka tuna cewa shi kansa WEB BROWSER ba Intanet bane, kawai yana nuna gidajen yanar sadarwar (WEBSITES) da aka adana a Intanet. Yaya Intanet ke aiki?
⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
A wannan lokacin zaku iya yin mamaki, ta yaya Intanet ke aiki? Amsar dai tana da rikitarwa kuma zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci don bayani. Madadin haka, bari mu duba wasu mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata ku sani. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa yanar gizo babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta duniya, wacce take hada wayoyin tarho na tagulla, wayoyin TV, da kuma igiyoyin fiber optic. Hatta hanyoyin sadarwar mara waya kamar Wi-Fi da 2G/3G/4G/5G/LTE sun dogara da wadannan igiyoyi na zahiri don samun damar Intanet. Lokacin da ka ziyarci gidan yanar gizo, kwamfutarka zata aika da buƙata akan waɗannan wayoyi zuwa uwar garke (server). uwar garken ita ce inda ake adana gidajen yanar gizo, kuma yana aiki sosai kamar rumbun kwamfutarka. Da zarar buƙata ta zo, uwar garke zata sake dawo da gidan yanar gizon kuma ta aika da bayanan daidai zuwa kwamfutarka. Abin ban mamaki shine duk wannan yana faruwa ne cikin yan daƙiƙu kaɗan! RABE-RABEN CIBIYAR SADARWA (INTERNET)
⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
Mafi yawan nau'ikan haɗin intanet sun haɗa da:

• Digital Subscriber Line DSL (layin biyan kuɗi na dijital)
• kebul broadband.
• fiber optic broadband.
• mara waya ko Wi-Fi broadband.
• tauraron dan adam da kuma wayar hannu.
• layin haya na sadaukarwa.

Mu hadu a darasi na gaba.

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DARASI NA SHIDA (6) COMPUTER NETWORK.

MENE NE CIBIYAR SADARWAR KWAMFUTA (COMPUTER NETWORK) Cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta (computer network): Rukuni ne na kwmfutoci waɗanda ke amfani da saitunan ladabi na sadarwa na yau da kullun, kan haɗin dijital don manufar raba albarkatun da ke kan (node) ɗin cibiyar sadarwa. RABE-RABEN CIBIYAR SADARWAR KWAMFUTA ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️

1. LAN (Cibiyar Sadarwa na Yanki)
2. PAN (Keɓaɓɓen Yankin Yanar Gizo)
3. MAN (Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Gari)
4. WAN (Babban Wurin Yankin Sadarwa)

ko kasan yadda ake hada cctv camera da wayarka shiga nan domin ka karanata cctv camera

1. Local Area Network (LAN)wani rukuni ne na kwamfutoci da ke hade da juna a wani karamin yanki kamar gini, ofishi.
AMFANIN LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Ana amfani da LAN don haɗa kwamfutoci na mutum biyu ko fiye ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa kamar su biyun da aka karkace, kebul ɗin coaxial, da sauransu.
• Ba shi da tsada sosai kamar yadda aka gina shi da kayan aiki masu tsada kamar su ɗalibai, adaftan cibiyar sadarwa, da igiyoyin ethernet.
• Ana canza wurin bayanan cikin sauri akan hanyar sadarwar Yanki.
• Local Area Network yana ba da tsaro mafi girma.
2. Personal Area Network (PAN)
Keɓaɓɓen Yankin Sadarwar yanar gizo(PAN): cibiyar sadarwa ce da aka tsara tsakanin mutum ɗaya,mafi yawanci yana tsakanin kewayan mita goma ne (10). AMFANIN KEBABBAN YANKIN SADARWAR YANAR GIZO ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Ana amfani da hanyar sadarwa Keɓaɓɓu don haɗa na'urorin kwamfuta na amfanin kai da aka sani da Keɓaɓɓen Yanki.
• Keɓaɓɓen Yankin Sadarwar ƙasa ya mamaye kimanin fadin yanki na ƙafa 30.
• Na'urorin komputa na sirri waɗanda ake amfani dasu don haɓaka keɓaɓɓen hanyar sadarwar mutum sune kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, wayoyin hannu, mai kunna rediyo da tashoshin wasanni.
RABE-RABEN PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar waya.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar iska.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar iska: Cibiyar Keɓaɓɓen hanyar sadarwa ta haɓaka ta hanyar amfani da fasahohi mara waya, kamar su WiFi, Bluetooth Yana da ƙananan hanyar sadarwa.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Yankin Keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar waya: An ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwar Keɓaɓɓe ta amfani da USB.
Shin kasan mene ne cyber security? idan bakasaniba shiga nan ka karanata cyber security Misalan Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Yankin Sadarwar Jiki: Tsarin Yankin Jiki shine hanyar sadarwa wacce take tafiya tare da mutum. Misali, hanyar sadarwar tafi da gidanka tare da mutum. A ce mutum ya kafa haɗin hanyar sadarwa, sannan kuma ya ƙirƙiri haɗi tare da wata na'ura don raba bayani.
• Hanyar Sadarwar Layi: Ana iya ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwar layi a cikin gida, amfi saninta da hanyar sadarwar gida. An tsara cibiyar sadarwar gida don hada na'urori kamar masu buga takardu, kwamfuta, talabijin amma basu da intanet.
• Karamin Ofishin Gida: Ana amfani dashi don haɗa nau'ikan na'urori zuwa intanet da kuma hanyar sadarwar kamfani ta amfani da VPN.
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Cibiyar sadarwar yankin babban birni: cibiyar sadarwa ce da ke rufe babban yankin ƙasa ta hanyar haɗa wani LAN daban don samar da babbar hanyar sadarwa. AMFANIN MAN ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Hukumomin gwamnati suna amfani da MAN don haɗawa yan ƙasa da masana'antu masu zaman kansu.
• A cikin MAN, LAN daban-daban suna haɗuwa da juna ta layin musayar tarho.
• Tana da zango mai nisa da ya fi na Local Area Network (LAN).
• Ana amfani da MAN wajen sadarwa tsakanin bankuna a cikin gari.
• Ana iya amfani da shi a tashar Jirgin Sama.
• Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin kwaleji a cikin birni.
• Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don sadarwa a tsakanin sojoji.
ko kasan yadda zaka karanta PDF file da wayar java? shiga nan ka karanata KARANTA PDF FILE da java phone
4. WAN (Babban Wurin Yankin Sadarwa)
Babbar Hanyar Sadarwa: wata hanyar sadarwa ce da ta faɗaɗa kan wani yanki da yawa kamar jihohi ko ƙasashe. ALAMOMIN WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Hanyar Sadarwa ta WAN ta fi cibiyar sadarwar LAN girma.
• Hanyar Sadarwa ta WAN ba'a iyakance ta wuri ɗaya ba, amma ta faɗi a kan wani babban yanki ta hanyar layin tarho, layin fiber optic ko hanyoyin tauraron dan adam.
• Yanar gizo na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan WAN a duniya.
• Ana amfani da Sadarwar Wide Area Network a fagen Kasuwanci, gwamnati, da ilimi.
AMFANIN WAN ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️ ⬇️⬇️⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️ ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Nazarin Yankin graphics:kungiyar Sadarwa ta WAN tana ba da babban yanki. A ce idan reshen ofishinmu yana cikin wani gari na daban to za mu iya haɗaka da su ta hanyar WAN, Intanet yana samarda layin hawa wanda zamu iya haɗa shi da wani reshe.
• Karkatar da bayanai: Idan akwai hanyar sadarwar WAN, bayanai suna da yawa. Sabili da haka, ba mu buƙatar siyan imel, fayiloli ko saitunan ajiya.
• Samun fayilolin da aka sabunta: Kamfanonin software suna aiki akan uwar garken (server) kai tsaye. Saboda haka, masu shirye-shiryen suna samun fayilolin da aka sabunta a cikin sakan.
• Musayar sakonni: A cikin hanyar sadarwar WAN, ana watsa saƙonni cikin sauri. Aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo kamar Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype suna ba ku damar sadarwa tare da abokai.
• Raba software da albarkatu: A cikin hanyar sadarwa ta WAN, zamu iya raba software da sauran albarkatu kamar rumbun kwamfutarka, RAM.
• Kasuwancin duniya: Zamu iya yin kasuwanci ta yanar gizo a duniya.
• Babban bandwidth: Idan muka yi amfani da layukan hawa don kamfaninmu to wannan yana ba da babban (bandwidth). Babban faɗin (bandwidth) yana ƙaruwa da saurin canjawa bayanai wuri wanda hakan yana ƙara haɓakar kamfaninmu.
yadda zaka samu kudi cikin sauki shiga nan ka karanta yadda zaka samu kudi RASHIN AMFANIN WAN ⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️⬇️
• Matsalar tsaro: Cibiyar sadarwar WAN tana da al'amuran rashin tsaro idan aka kwatanta da LAN da cibiyar sadarwar MAN kamar yadda aka haɗa dukkanin fasahohi tare wanda ke haifar da matsalar tsaro.
• Yana buƙatar Firewall da riga-kafin software: Ana iya canza bayanan a kan intanet wanda za a iya sauyasu ko satar su ta hanyar masu satar bayanan (hackers), don haka ana buƙatar amfani da Firewall. Wasu mutane na iya allurar kwayar cutar a cikin tsarin mu don haka ana buƙatar riga-kafi don karekai daga irin wannan ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Babban Saiti: Kudin shigarwa na cibiyar sadarwar WAN yana da yawa saboda ya haɗa siyan hanyoyin magudanar, sauyawa.
• Yanada wahalar magance matsaloli: Yana mamaye babban yanki saboda haka gyara matsalar yana da wahala.
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Kudakaci fita ta gaba.

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MENE NE TSARON YANAR GIZO-GIZO(CYBER SECURITY)

MENE NE TSARON INTANET? Tsaron yanar gizo shine aikin kare kWamputa, sabobin, na'urorin hannu, tsarin lantarki, hanyoyin sadarwa, da kuma bayanai daga mummunan hari. Hakanan an san shi da tsaro na fasahar bayanai ko tsaron bayanan lantarki. Kalmar tayi aiki a cikin fannoni da dama, daga kasuwanci zuwa lissafin wayar hannu, kuma ana iya raba shi zuwa wasu 'yan bangarori kamar haka:-

• Tsaron cibiyar sadarwar ita ce tabbatar da hanyar sadarwar komputa daga masu kutse, ko maharan da aka yi niyya ko kuma ɓarnatar da amfani.
• Tsaron aikace-aikace:- yana mai da hankali kan kiyaye software da na'urori daga barazanar. Aikace-aikacen da aka lalata zai iya ba da damar yin amfani da bayanan da aka tsara don karewa. Amintaccen tsaro ya fara a matakin ƙira, tun kafin a ɗora wani shiri ko na'urar.
• Tsaron bayani yana kare mutuncin bayanai da sirrin bayanai, duka a cikin ajiya da kuma hanyar wucewa.
• Tsaron aiki ya haɗa da matakai da yanke shawara don sarrafawa da kare dukiyar bayanai. Izinin da masu amfani suke da shi yayin shiga hanyar sadarwa da hanyoyin da ke tantance yadda da inda za a iya adana ko raba bayanai duk sun faɗi a ƙarƙashin wannan laima.
• Farfaɗar bala’i da ci gaban kasuwanci:- suna ayyana yadda ƙungiya za ta amsa ga abin da ya faru na tsaro ta yanar gizo ko wani abin da ya haifar da asarar ayyuka ko bayanai. Manufofin dawo da bala'i suna bayyana yadda kungiyar ta dawo da ayyukanta da bayanan don komawa ga iya aikinta kamar yadda yake kafin taron. Ci gaban kasuwanci shine shirin da ƙungiyar ta faɗi baya yayin ƙoƙarin aiki ba tare da wasu albarkatu ba.
• Ilimin mai amfani na ƙarshe yana magance mafi mahimmancin yanayin tsaro na cyber-tsaro: mutane. Kowa na iya gabatar da kwayar cuta ba da gangan ba zuwa tsarin tsaro in ba haka ba ta hanyar bin kyawawan matakan tsaro. Koyar da masu amfani don share abubuwan haɗin imel na tuhuma, ba tare da shigar da abubuwan kebul na USB da ba a san su ba, da sauran manyan darussa masu mahimmanci suna da mahimmanci ga tsaron kowace ƙungiya.
• Girman barazanar yanar gizo:- Barazanar yanar gizo ta duniya na ci gaba da bunkasa cikin hanzari, tare da karuwar adadin karya bayanai a kowace shekara. Wani rahoto na (RiskBased Security) ya bayyana cewa wani abin birgewa ya nuna fallasa bayanai na biliyan 7.9 a cikin watanni tara na farkon 2019 kadai. Wannan adadi ya ninka sau biyu (112%) adadin bayanan da aka fallasa a daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2018.
• Sabis ɗin likita, 'yan kasuwa da ƙungiyoyin jama'a sun sami mafi yawan ɓarna, tare da mugayen masu laifi da ke da alhakin mafi yawan abubuwan da suka faru. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sassan sun fi dacewa ga masu aikata laifuka ta hanyar yanar gizo saboda suna tattara bayanan kuɗi da na likita, amma duk kasuwancin da ke amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa ana iya niyya ga bayanan abokin ciniki, leƙen asirin kamfanoni, ko harin abokin ciniki.
• Tare da girman barazanar yanar gizo da ke shirin ci gaba da hauhawa, Hukumar Bayar da Bayanai ta Duniya ta yi hasashen cewa kashe kudaden duniya kan hanyoyin magance tsaron yanar gizo zai kai dala biliyan 133.7 a shekarar 2022. Gwamnatoci a duk fadin duniya sun amsa barazanar karuwar yanar gizo tare da jagora don taimakawa kungiyoyi na aiwatar da ingantattun hanyoyin tsaro na yanar gizo.
• A Amurka, Cibiyar Kula da Ka'idoji da Fasaha ta Kasa (NIST) ta kirkiro tsarin tsaro ta yanar gizo. Don yaƙi da yaduwar lambar ƙeta da taimako cikin ganowa da wuri, tsarin yana ba da shawarar ci gaba, sahihin lokaci na duk albarkatun lantarki.
• An maimaita mahimmancin saka idanu kan tsarin a cikin "matakai 10 don tsaron yanar gizo", jagorancin da aka bayar ta Cibiyar Tsaro ta Intanet ta Gwamnatin U.K. A Ostiraliya, Cibiyar Tsaro ta Intanet ta Australiya (ACSC) tana wallafa jagora akai-akai kan yadda ƙungiyoyi za su iya magance sabuwar barazanar tsaro ta yanar gizo. Ire-iren barazanar yanar gizo Barazanar tsaro ta yanar gizo ya ninka sau uku:

1. Laifukan yanar gizo sun haɗa da wasa guda ɗaya ko ƙungiyoyi masu niyya ga tsarin don neman kuɗi ko haifar da rikici.
2. Hare-hare ta yanar gizo galibi ya ƙunshi tattara bayanan siyasa.
3. Cyberterrorism:- an yi niyyar lalata tsarin lantarki don haifar da tsoro. Don haka, ta yaya 'yan wasan zalunci ke samun ikon sarrafa tsarin kwamfuta? Anan akwai wasu hanyoyin da ake amfani dasu don barazanar tsaro ta yanar gizo: Malware Malware yana nufin software mara kyau. daga cikin barazanar yanar gizo, malware ita ce software da wani ɗan damfara ko ɗan fashin kwamfuta ya ƙirƙira don tarwatsa ko lalata halattaccen kwamfutar mai amfani. Sau da yawa ana yadawa ta hanyar haɗewar imel ɗin da ba a nema ba ko zazzagewa mai neman halal, ana iya amfani da malware ta hanyar masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo don samun kuɗi ko kuma kai hare-hare ta hanyar yanar gizo. Akwai wasu nau'ikan malware daban-daban, kamar su:
4. wayar cuta: Tsarin maimaita kai ne wanda ke ɗora kansa don tsabtace fayil kuma ya bazu cikin tsarin komputa, yana shigar da fayiloli tare da lambar ƙeta.
5. Trojans: Wani nau'in malware ne wanda aka ɓoye shi a matsayin halattaccen software. Masu aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo suna yaudarar masu amfani da shigar da Trojan akan kwamfutansu.

YADDA ZAKA SAMU KUDI CIKIN SAUKI TA HANYAR FIVERR

AMINCIN ALLAH MADAUKAKI YATABBATA AGAREKU HADA-HADAR KUDADE TA YANAR GIZO-GIZO BARKANKU DA WARHAKA, Sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru tundaga karshen 2019 zuwa farkon 2021 yasa mutane cikin fatara da matsanancin talauci, hakan yasa aka rungumi kasuwancin zamani wanda fasaha ta samar domin saukake wahalhalu da cakuduwa da aka hana saboda corona virus (corvid-19),kasashe da dama sun kulle mutanae a gida (lockdown) shiyasa komai yakoma kan yanar gizo-gizo mutum zaije kasuwa yayi sayayya yanacikin dakinsa ta hanyar amfani da wayar sa ko computer kuma akawo masa har gida,dukda tsaikon da muka samu anan Nigeria na yan damfara (scammers) na harkar cryptocurrency suka tafi da kudaden mutane,to nasan mutane sun rungumi qaddara kamra yadda addinin mu (islam) ya koyar damu yadda da qaddara mekyau ko mara kyau,haka zalika hakan bazai hanamu samo wata mafitar ba tunda bamu dena hawan motaba dan saboda tana kashemu,in akai hatsarin ma(accident) wata motar ake hawa domin aje asibiti,ga wata mafitar domin saye ko sayarwa,ina nufin zaka iya mallakar shago acikin wannan katafariyar kasuwar (seller) kuma zaka iya saye (buyer) sannan koda baka da jari indai kana da wata baiwa,ko wani ilimi da zaka iya amfanawa wani to akima haddakai,kawai kashigo kayi register kyauta ne. kubiyo mun samun karin bayani akan yadda zakai register amatsayin mai sayarawa (seller) ko mai saye (buyer). duk mai tambaya ya iya yi. shiga nan

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DARASI NA BIYAR (5)

INJIN BINCIKE Menene Injin Tantancewa?

kamar yadda aka ruwaito Daga Dinesh Thakur Ma'anar: Injin Bincike sananne ne ga komputa na farko mai amfani da keɓaɓɓe na musamman a duniya kuma ya tsara tsarin komputa na zamani. Shahararren Masanin Lissafi na Ingilishi Charles Babbage ne ya tsara shi tsakanin 1834 da 1846. Charles ya yi amfani da jan ƙarfe don gina Injin Injiniyanci, ba lantarki ba ne ke amfani da injin tururi. Kodayake injiniya ne a duk ayyukansa, Injin Injiniyan na iya aiwatar da lissafin mawuyacin rikitarwa a ƙarƙashin ikon katunan naushi. Zai yiwu sashin reshe na sharaɗi, kuma Babbage ya shirya shirye-shiryen gwaji waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga bisa tsarin tsarin madauki. A cikin kyakkyawan hangen nesa na tunanin ƙarni na ashirin, Babbage ya nuna cewa, idan aka ba shi isasshen lokaci, kowane ƙayyadaddun ƙididdigar za a iya aiwatar da shi ta Injin Nazarin. Injin Bincike shine magajin Injin Bambancin Wannan na'urar ta yi amfani da Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), kulawar kwarara ta asali, katunan naushi, da ƙwaƙwalwa. Ana amfani da Injin Nazarin don ƙididdige ƙimar lambobi na ayyukan trigonometric na kowane irin dabara. Babbage yayi amfani da jerin katunan naushi don shigarwa yayin ƙirar injiniyar binciken waɗanda suke don: ayyukan lissafi, adadi na adadi, da ayyukan loda da adanawa. Injin Babbage yayi amfani da CPU na zamani wanda shine hadewar turaku na zahiri da ganga mai juyawa wanda ya zama, "Turing-complete" saboda ya gamsar da bukatar na'urar Turing. Babbage ya rubuta bayanan dubunnan bayanai game da aikin kuma ya tsara zane 250. Amma injin ba a kammala shi ba; Saboda Babbage ya sami sabani da babban injiniyan sa kuma gwamnatin Burtaniya ta janye kuɗaɗen aikin. Charles Babbage Injiniyan Nazari Injin Nazarin Babbage yana da sassa huɗu: An tsara injinan Babbage da ƙa'idodi na abubuwa huɗu: injin niƙa, shagon, mai karatu, da firintar. A yau kwamfuta waɗannan abubuwan haɗin suna da mahimmanci. Shiga ciki: Injin Bincike ana iya ciyar dashi tare da shirye-shiryen biyu da bayanai ta hanyar katunan naushi. Babbage ya kira wannan "mai karatu". Fitarwa: Babbage's zai yi amfani da firinta na analog kuma yayi amfani da katunan naushi don fitarwa da shigarwar. Memwa Memwalwa: Babbage ya kira wannan "shagon" a cikin Injin Injiniyanci, yana adana lambobi 1,000 na lambar adadi 40. Shagon ya kasance inda aka gudanar da bayanai don aiki. Kungiyar Tsarin Mulki (cpu): wanda ya kira "mill" yana yin duk ayyukan lissafi da kwatancen. Yana adana lambobi zuwa rajista kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar microprogram; da amfani da hanyoyin sarrafawa don fassara umarnin mai amfani da mai amfani zuwa cikin kayan cikin gida; tsarin sarrafawa yana aiwatar da ayyuka ta atomatik, Jacquard ne ya haɓaka. Ada Lovelace ta taimaka wa Charles Babbage a cikin tunanin sa na injin binciken kwalliya. Ada Lovelace sananne ne ga mai shirye-shirye na farko a duniya tare da aiki tare da Babbage.Babbage sun haɗa da madaukai da sharaɗi a cikin harshen shirye-shiryen inji

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DARASI NA BIYU (2)

YADDA IRE-IREN KWAMFUTOCI SUKE

Ta hanyar fasaha, kwamfuta na’ura ce ta hannu. Yana nufin zata iya yin jerin shirye-shiryen da aka tsara sannan yayi martani ga sabbin umarnin da aka bashi. Zata iya aiwatar da jerin umarnin da aka riga aka tsara (shirin). Tana iya adanawa da dawo da adadi mai yawa da sauri. A yau, duk da haka, ana amfani da kalmar sau da yawa don komawa zuwa kwamfutar tebur da kwamfutocin tafi-da-gidanka waɗanda galibin maza da mata suke amfani da shi. Lokacin da kake magana da samfurin tebur, kalmar “kwamfuta” a fasaha tana amfani ne kawai da kwamfutar kanta - ba mai saka idanu ba, madannin rubutu, da linzamin kwamfuta. Koyaya, yana da karɓa don koma zuwa komai tare kamar kwamfutar. Idan kanaso ka zama mai fasaha, akwatin da yake dauke da inji ana kiransa “tsarin”. Saboda haka kwamfutoci na iya yin aiki mai rikitarwa da maimaituwa cikin sauri, daidai, kuma abin dogaro. Kwamfutocin zamani na zamani ne. Ainihin kayan aiki (igiyoyi, transistors, da da'irori) da ake kira hardware; umarnin da bayanan ana kiran su software. Da yawa daga cikin mahimman kayan aikin komputa na sirri (ko PC) sun haɗa da: Cibiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya (CPU): bangare ne na kowane tsarin komputa na lantarki; wannan shine bangaren da aka hada da Primary memor, Na'urar sarrafawa, da kuma bangaren ilimin lissafi. Tana wakiltar cibiyar jiki ce ta dukkan tsarin kwamfutar; an haɗa shi da kayan keɓaɓɓen kayan aiki, gami da kayan shigarwa / kayan fitarwa da ƙarin rumbunan ajiya. A cikin kwamfutocin zamani, CPU ɗin an haɗa shi a kan gutsuren kewaya da ake kira microprocessor. Meyalwar ajiya (mai sauri, mai tsada, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwa) (ko RAM): Yana da nau'in nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta mai sauri wanda ke adana duk bayanan da ke cikin PC ɗinku na ɗan lokaci da kuke so a yanzu da nan ba da daɗewa ba. Hard drive ko Mass ajiya (mafi hankali, mai rahusa, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar dogon lokaci): Kayan aiki ne na kayan aiki wanda yake amfani da shi don adana bayanai da yawa kamar aikace-aikace da takardu dindindin. Babban disk ɗin farko a PC shine C drive ɗin ku. Duk da yake kwamfutoci na sirri babu shakka sune nau'ikan na'urori da suka fi yawa a yanzu, akwai wasu nau'ikan kwamfutoci da yawa. Ta misali, “minicomputer” komputace mai ƙarfi wacce zata iya tallafawa yawancin masu amfani lokaci ɗaya. "Mainframe" babban komputa ne wanda ke iya aiwatar da biliyoyin lissafi daga wurare da yawa a lokaci guda. A ƙarshe, “supercomputer” inji ce da ke iya sarrafa biliyoyin umarni a karo na biyu kuma ana amfani da ita don ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu rikitarwa. Gabaɗaya, kwamfutoci Ana iya rarrabasu bisa: (a) Damar sarrafa bayanai da yadda suke aiwatar da sigina, da kuma (b) Girma, dangane da karfin aiki da saurin aiki. Matsayi na nau'ikan Kwamfuta Dangane da nau'in shigarwar da kuma karɓa, kwamfutar tana da nau'i uku:-

1. Analogue Computer Duk abin da muke ji da gani muna canzawa koyaushe. Wannan canjin mai gudana mai gudana ana saninsa da bayanan analog. Ana iya amfani da kwamfutar analog a aikace-aikacen kimiyya da masana'antu kamar don auna wutar lantarki, mita da juriya na ƙarfin, da sauransu. Kwamfutocin Analog kai tsaye suna karɓar bayanai a cikin na'urar aunawa ba tare da fara canza su cikin lambobi da lambobi ba. Lambobin na analog kwamfuta ne zazzabi, matsa lamba, tarho Lines, Speedometer, rigakafi na capacitor, mitar sigina da ƙarfin lantarki, da dai sauransu.
2. Digital Computer Kwamfuta ta dijital ita ce mafi amfani da amfani da ita don sarrafa bayanai tare da lambobi ta amfani da lambobi, yawanci ana amfani da tsarin lambar binary. Kwamfuta ta dijital da aka yi niyya don yin lissafi da ayyukan aiki cikin hanzari. Yana ɗaukar ɗanyen bayanai azaman lambobi ko adadi da hanyoyin amfani da aikace-aikacen da aka adana a ƙwaƙwalwar don yin fitarwa. Duk kwamfutocin zamani irinsu kwamfyutoci da tebur da muke amfani da su a ofis ko gida kwamfutoci ne na dijital. Yana aiki a kan bayanai, kamar girma, haruffa, da alamomi, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin lambar binary - watau, tare da lambobi biyu kawai 1 da 0. Ta hanyar ƙidaya, gwadawa, da sarrafa waɗannan lambobin ko haɗuwarsu ta hanyar umarnin da aka ajiye a ciki ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta, kwamfutar dijital na iya yin waɗannan ayyuka don sarrafa matakan masana'antu da kuma sarrafa ayyukan injuna; bincika da tsara ɗimbin bayanan kamfanin; da kwaikwayon halayyar tsarin tsaurarawa (misali, yanayin yanayin duniya da halayen sunadarai) a cikin binciken kimiyya. Kwamfuta ta dijital tana ba da cikakken sakamako amma sun yi jinkiri idan aka kwatanta da kwamfuta ta analog.
3. Hybrid Computer Babbar kwamfutar da ta haɗu da ɓangarorin kwamfutar dijital da komputa na analog. Yana da sauri kamar kwamfutar analog kuma tana ƙunshe da ƙwaƙwalwa da daidaito kamar kwamfutocin dijital. An yi niyya don haɗa aikin haɗin analogue wanda ke da tasiri don ƙididdiga, amma duk da haka yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar dijital mai sauƙin amfani. A cikin manyan kamfanoni da kamfanoni, ana iya amfani da kwamfutar da aka haɗu don haɗawa da ayyukan aiki na hankali ban da samar da ingantaccen aiki na daidaitaccen ƙididdiga. Misali, famfon iskar gas ya hada da guntu wanda ke sauya girman adadin man fetur zuwa girma da tsada. Ana amfani da babban kwamfyuta a asibitoci don auna bugun zuciyar wannan mutumin. Daban-daban da kuma masu girma dabam na kwamfuta Tun farkon komfuta na farko, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan injina suna ba da sabis daban-daban. Kwamfutoci galibi suna da girma kamar waɗanda suke zaune a wani katafaren gini kamar ɗan littafin rubutu ko ma microcontroller a cikin saka ko tsarin wayar hannu. Ana iya rarraba kwakwalwa gabaɗaya ta nau'ikan ko girma da ƙarfi kamar haka, kodayake akwai maɓalli mai yawa.

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DARASI NA HUDU(4)

AMFANIN KWAMFUTER

1. Yin aiki da yawa :- Yin hada-hada da yawa yana daya daga cikin amfanin computer. Mutum na iya yin aiki da yawa, aiki da yawa, ƙididdige matsalolin lambobi a cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan. Kwamfuta na iya yin umarni tiriliyan a kowane dakika.
2. Sauri (speed) :- Yanzu kwamfuta bawai kawai na`urar lissafi bace. Yanzu kwamfutar tana taka mahimmiyar rawa a rayuwar ɗan adam. Acikin manyan fa'idodin kwamputa shine saurinta, wanda ke taimakawa ɗan adam kammala aikinsa cikin yan daƙiƙu. Duk ayyukan ana iya yin su cikin sauri; badan saboda saurin da take dashi ba da anɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don yin aikin.
3. Kundin Adana manyan bayanai:- Yana da wani low cost bayani. Mutum na iya adana manyan bayanai a cikin ƙaramin kasafin kuɗi. Databaseunƙuntar cibiyar adana bayanai ita ce babbar fa'ida da zata iya rage farashi.
4. Daidaito (accuracy):- Daya daga cikin tushen fa'idodin komputa shine wanda zai iya yin ba kawai lissafi ba har ma tare da daidaito.
5. Tsaron Bayanai:- Kare bayanan dijital an san shi da tsaro na bayanai. Kwamfuta yana samar da tsaro daga sojojin ɓarnata da kuma daga matakan da ba'a so daga masu amfani da izini kamar harin cyber ko harin isa ga mutane. RASHIN AMFANIN KWAMFUTA Kamar yadda muka sani fa'ida tana zuwa da rashi.
6. Cutar da kai hare-hare:- Kwayar cuta tsutsa ce kuma Hacking hanya ce mara izini ta kan kwamfuta don wata manufa ta haram. Ana yin kwayar cutar daga abin da aka makala ta imel, duba tallan gidan yanar gizo da ke dauke da cutar, ta hanyar na'urar da za a iya cirewa kamar kebul da dai sauransu da zarar an sauya kwayar cutar a cikin kwamfutar da ke karbar bakinta za ta iya cutar da fayil, ta sake rubuta fayil da sauransu. Misali: Babban sashin yanar gizo yana sauka ciki harda Twitter, Netflix, Reddit da CNN a watan Oktoba 2016 saboda an ƙaddamar da harin DDoS mafi girma akan mai ba da sabis na DYN ta amfani da IoT Botnet.
7. Laifukan Intanet na Yanar Gizo:- Laifin aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo yana nufin kwamfuta da hanyar sadarwa na iya amfani da su don aikata laifi. Yin amfani da yanar gizo da satar Shaida sune wanda ya zo karkashin laifuka ta yanar gizo. Misali: mutum na iya samun damar shiga asusunka na kasuwanci kamar amazon account yanzu wannan mutumin zai iya sanin bayananka na sirri kamar katin zare kudi ko lambar katin,ko bashi wanda zai iya zama mara kyau.
8. Ragewa acikin damar aiki:- Ba a amfani da ƙarnin da ya gabata na kwamfuta ko kuma suna da ilimin kwamfuta sun gamu da babbar matsala lokacin da kwamfuta ta zo a fili. Kamar yadda muka gani a bangaren harkar banki manyan ma’aikatan banki sun gamu da wannan matsalar lokacin da kwamfuta ta zo bangaren banki. A sama akwai babban rashin amfani da kwamfuta, babu IQ, Dogaro, Bata da shauki, lalacewa shine ainihin rashin lafiyar kwamfuta.

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DARASI NA UKU (3)

RABA-RABEN KWAMFUTA Rabe-raben Kwamfuta: Tun farkon komfuta, nau'ikan injina suna ba da sabis daban-daban. Kwamfutoci galibi suna da girma kamar waɗanda suke zaune a wani katafaren gini kamar ɗan littafin rubutu ko ma microcontroller a cikin saka ko tsarin wayar hannu. Ana iya rarraba kwakwalwa gabaɗaya ta nau'ikan ko girma da ƙarfi kamar haka, kodayake akwai maɓalli mai yawa. Dangane da Girmanta; Kwamfutoci sun banbanta dangane da damar sarrafa bayanai. An rarraba su bisa ga manufar sarrafa bayanai da aiki, Dangane da aiki, an rarraba kwamfutoci kamar haka:-

• Micro computer Micro Computer karamar computer ce. Injinanka masu zaman kansu daidai yake da microcomputer. Mainframe da Mini Computer sune magabatan dukkannin kwamfutocin microcomputers. Hadakar Kayan kera kere yana rage girman Mainframe da Minicomputer. Micro Computer Ta hanyar fasaha, microcomputer komputa ce inda Sipu (cibiyar aiki ta tsakiya (kwakwalwar inji) ta ƙunshi mai sarrafawa guda ɗaya, microprocessor, kayan shigar / shigar kayan aiki, da naúrar ajiya (ƙwaƙwalwa) Waɗannan abubuwan suna da mahimmanci don samun dace aiki na microcomputer. Micro-kwakwalwa musamman waɗanda aka kirkira don amfanin gaba ɗaya kamar nishaɗi, ilimi, da dalilan aiki. To, sanannen Hanyar 'Microcomputers. Ire-iren Micro Computer
• Kwamfutocin tebur
• kwamfyutocin cinya
• mataimakin dijital na sirri (PDA)
• allunan
• tarho
  
• Minicomputer Minicomputer: ba karamin aiki bane. Aƙalla, ba a cikin hanyar da yawancinmu ke tunanin ƙarami ba. Kun san girman kwamfutar ku da dangin ta. Wani karamin na'urar komputa kuma ana kiranta ƙarami. Aangare ne na ƙananan kwamfutoci waɗanda aka gabatar wa duniya daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Businessesananan kamfanoni da ƙananan kamfanoni ke amfani da su. Karamin kwamfiyuta kwamfyuta ce wacce ke da dukkan halayen babban pc, amma girmanta yakai ƙarami idan aka kwatanta da waɗancan. Hakanan za'a iya san karamin na'ura mai kwakwalwa a matsayin matsakaicin zangon pc. Icananan na'urori sune tsarukan masu amfani da yawa inda fiye da masu amfani ɗaya zasu iya aiki lokaci ɗaya. Mai amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa Minicomputer na iya ƙarfafa masu amfani da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, ko kuma za ku iya bayyana cewa minicomputer tsarin sarrafawa ne da yawa. Additionari ga haka, ikon sarrafa minicomputers ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da ƙarfin babban firam da manyan kwamfutoci. Daban-daban Na Minicomputers
• PC kwamfutar hannu
• Wayoyin hannu
• Littattafan rubutu
• Shafar Allon allo
• Babban Wasan Kida
• Desktop Comananan Kwamfuta
  
• Mainframe Tana nufin irin babbar kwamfutar da ke tafiyar da dukkan kamfanoni, Babbar manhajar tana nuna nau'in kwamfutar da ke tafiyar da dukkan kamfanoni. Kwamfutocin Mainframe na iya saukar da su a cikin manyan ɗakunan sanyaya iska saboda girmanta a cikin duniyar yanzu, inda dukkan kamfanoni, sana’o’i, da sadarwa suke na ainihi. babban kwamfuta Don haka don yin duk wannan ƙoƙarin, buƙatar komputa mai tasirin gaske akan ɓangaren mai masaukin baki, wanda ke aiwatar da kwatance da bayar da fitarwa a cikin lokaci. Dangane da amfani da kwamfutoci a cikin duniyar zamani, zamu iya amfani da pc na rarrabawa a cikin Supercomputer, Mainframe Computer, da Mini Computer da kuma nau'ikan microcomputer. Babbar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta fi Mini da Microcomputer ƙarfi, amma sun fi Supercomputer ƙarfi. Babban kwamfyutar da aka yi amfani da ita a manyan kamfanoni. Babban banbanci tsakanin babbar kwamfuta da babbar manhajar kwamfuta ita ce, babbar komputa tana tasar da dukkan karfinta don aiwatar da shiri cikin sauri. Sabanin haka, babban mahimman bayanai suna amfani da ikonta don gudanar da aikace-aikace da yawa lokaci guda. A cikin takamaiman hanyoyi, manyan firam suna da tasiri fiye da manyan kwamfyutoci saboda suna ƙarfafa aikace-aikace iri ɗaya. Koyaya, manyan kwamfutoci zasu iya yin shirye-shirye ɗaya da sauri fiye da babban komputa. Mashahuran Mainframe kwakwalwa
• IBM 1400 jerin.
• 700/7000 jerin.
• Tsarin / 360.
• Tsarin / 370.
• IBM 308X.
• Supercomputer Shine kwamfuta mafi girma,da sauri, kuma mafi tsada a duniya. Amfani da Supercomputers Yau manyan kwamfyutoci ba za su iya yin lissafi kawai ba; suna aiwatar da bayanai masu yawa a layi daya tare da rarraba ayyukan sarrafa kwamfuta zuwa dubun dubatan CPUs. Supercomputers da ke aiki a cibiyoyin bincike, hukumomin gwamnati, da kamfanoni suna yin lissafin lissafi ban da tattara bayanai, tattarawa, rarrabawa, da tantance bayanai.
  
  Hasashen Yanayi Masanin yanayin yankin ya kafa asalin sa ne bisa bayanan da manyan kwamfyutocin da NOAA ke bayarwa ko kuma Hukumar kula da Yankin Yankin Kasa da Yanayi. Tsarin NOAA na aiwatar da ayyukan rumbun adana bayanai, lissafi, da lissafi akan dimbin bayanan da aka tattara daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar da kuma duniya. Processingarfin sarrafawa na manyan kwamfyutoci yana taimaka wa masana ilimin kimiyar yanayi hango nesa, ba kawai yiwuwar samun ruwan sama a makwabtanku ba amma hanyoyin guguwa gami da yuwuwar faɗawa. Binciken Kimiyya Yawa kamar yanayi, nazarin ilimin kimiyya ya dogara ne akan iyawar yawan cushewar manyan kwamfutoci. Misali, masu binciken taurari a NASA suna nazarin bayanan dake gudana daga tauraron dan adam a doron kasa, rediyo na doron kasa da na’urar hangen nesa da kuma binciken da ke bin tsarin rana. Masu bincike a Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai game da Nukiliya, ko CERN, sun gano kwayar Higgs-Boson ta hanyar tantance dimbin bayanan da Babban Hadron Collider ya kirkira. Ma'adanan Bayanai Yawancin kwamfyutoci da yawa suna da mahimmanci don cire bayanai daga ɗanyen bayanin da aka tara daga gonakin bayanai a kewayen bene ko gajimare. Ta hanyar misali, kamfanoni na iya yin nazarin bayanan da aka tara a cikin rajistar kudaden su don taimakawa sarrafa haja ko hangen nesa kasuwa. Kasuwancin Inshorar Rayuwa suna amfani da manyan kwamfyutoci don rage haɗarinsu na aiki. Hakanan, kamfanonin da ke ba da inshorar kiwon lafiya suna rage farashi da kuɗin kwastomomi ta amfani da manyan kwamfyutoci don nazarin fa'idodi da zaɓukan magani daban-daban. Manyan Mashahuran Kwamfutoci biyar:-
• JAGUAR, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Oak Ridge na kasa
• NEBULAE, China
• ROADRUNNER, Los Alamos National Laboratory
• KRAKEN, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa
• JUGENE, Juelich Supercomputing Center, Jamus

HALAYYAR/DABI`UN KWAMFUTA

1. Sauri: - Kamar yadda kuka sani kwamfuta na iya aiki cikin sauri. Yana daukar daƙiƙa kaɗan don ƙididdigar da muke ɗaukar awoyi kafin mu kammala. Za ka yi mamakin sanin cewa kwamfuta na iya yin umarni miliyan (1,000,000) har ma fiye acikin dakika guda. Sabili da haka, zamu ƙayyade saurin komfuta dangane da microsecond (10-6 na biyu) ko nanosecond (10 zuwa iko -9 ɓangare na biyu). Daga wannan zaku iya tunanin irin saurin da kwamfutarku ke yi.
2. Cikakke (accuracy): - Matsayin daidaiton kwamfuta yana da girma sosai kuma kowane lissafi ana yin sa ne da daidaito iri daya. Matsayin daidaito shine 7. ƙaddara bisa ƙirar kwamfuta. Kuskuren cikin komputa ya samo asali ne daga bayanan mutane da kuma ba daidai ba.
3. Hankali (diligence): - Kwamfuta ba ta da gajiya, rashin natsuwa, gajiya, da sauransu.Zata iya yin aiki na tsawon awanni ba tare da ƙirƙirar wani kuskure ba. Idan za a yi miliyoyin lissafi, kwamfuta za ta yi kowane lissafi da daidai. Saboda wannan damar ya fi ƙarfin mutum a cikin nau'in aiki na yau da kullun.
4. Bayani (versatility): - Yana nufin damar aiwatar da nau'ikan aiki daban. Kuna iya amfani da kwamfutarku don shirya ragamar biyan kuɗi. Lokaci na gaba zaku iya amfani dashi don gudanar da kaya ko don shirya lissafin lantarki.
5. Ikon Tunawa: - Kwamfuta tana da ikon adana kowane irin bayanai ko bayanai. Duk wani bayani ana iya adana shi kuma a tuna shi muddin kuna buƙatarsa, na kowane lambobin shekaru. Ya dogara ne akanka akan yawan adadin bayanan da kake son adanawa a cikin kwamfuta da kuma lokacin da zaka rasa ko dawo da waɗannan bayanai.
6. Bata da IQ: - Kwamfuta injinan bebe ne kuma baya iya yin kowane aiki ba tare da umarni daga mai amfani ba. Yana aiwatar da umarnin cikin tsananin gudu da daidaito. Ya kamata ku yanke shawarar abin da kuke son yi kuma a wane jerin. Don haka kwamfuta ba zata iya daukar shawararta kamar yadda zaka iya ba.
7. Bata da shauki: - Ba shi da ji ko motsin rai, dandano, ilimi da gogewa. Don haka baya gajiya koda bayan dogon awowi na aiki. Ba ya rarrabe tsakanin masu amfani.
8. Ma'aji (storage): - Kwamfuta tana da ginanniyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya inda zata iya adana bayanai masu yawa. Hakanan zaka iya adana bayanai a cikin naurorin ajiya na biyu kamar floppies, wanda za'a iya ajiye shi a wajen kwamfutarka kuma za'a iya ɗaukarsa zuwa wasu kwamfutocin.

Kukasance damu a darasi na gaba.

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YADDA ZAKA KARANTA PDF FILE CIKIN SAUKI DA WAYAR JAVA.

 Java Phone Yanda Zaka Karanta PDF File Cikin Wayoyin Java

Wata Babbar matsala Da Masu Wayoyin Java Ke Fuskanta Itace Wajen Bude PDF File, A Cikin Wayoyin Nasu. Wasu Ma Kan Iya Nazari Akan Hakan Zai Yiwu makuwa,Menene PDF File Abunda PDF Ke Nufi Shine, PDF File A Turance Yana Nufin [Fordable Document Format] Shi PDF File Shine File Da Zaka Iya Kiransa Da Littafi Da Ake Karantashi Cikin Wayoyi Da kwafumtoci Yana Da Extension (.pdf), Wato Karshen File Din Yakan Karene Da .pdf . Kamar Ire-Iren Wayoyin Android dasuke zuwa da pdf reader da kuma applications softwares wato wadanda ake downloading dinsu a rumbunan manhaja, irinsu googleplaystore.com da amazonstore.com appsstore.com apkpure.com dasauransu,

haka zalika itama java nada nata apps din wanda ake kira bluetooth file transfer (blueftp) kuyi seaching nashi a google.com kusaukeshi bayan kun kammala saiku budeshi, zai nemi kabude bluetooth din wayarka idan kaso zaka iya budewa koka kyaleshi kazabi memory bayan yabude zainuna maka foldodi kamar haka:-

1. (root)
2. phone(c:)
3. memory card (E:) saika shiga inda ka ajiye pdf din; idan kaje wajen budeshi saika danna menu zakaga(open as text) saiaka danna shi shikenan zakaga yabude.

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YADDA AKE HADA CCTV CAMERA CIKIN SAUKI

YADDA ZAKA HADA CCTV CAMERA DA WAYARKA TA ANDROID Yadda ake hada cctv camera da wayarka ta android, kamar dai yadda muka sani cctv kyamara ce ta tsaro da ake amfani da ita a ma'aikatun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu saboda tabbatar da tsaro, to kaima zaka iya hada taka acikin dakinka kake ganin meke gudana acikin farfajiyar gidanku batare daka kashe kudiba, idan dakinka acikin gidanku yake, idan kuma a ajihun zaure kake kwana kuma to saikai sa'ido wa "yan matan dake wucewa ta layinku, ga yadda zakai dafarko dole ne katanadi wayar android guda 2, sannan kajeka google playstore.com kadauko wani application maisuna walkietooth idan kasaukeshi ka girkashi(installing) sannan kabudeshi zakaga zabika (option) kamar haka:-

1. Voice
2. Camera
3. Setting 4.Help
4. Voice:- idan kanaso kakejin murya kawai banda hoto.
5. Camera:- idan kanaso kake ganin hoto mai motsi kamar dai yadda cctv take aiki.
6. Setting:- saitunan manhajar.
7. Help:- domin sanin yadda ake aiki dashi apps din. To saika zabi camera ko voice yadanganta da irin bukatar ka,amma zamuyi magana ne akan camera, amma duk tsarin dayane idan kazabi camera zai bude kamar haka:-
8. bluetooth * server * client
9. wifi-direct * server * client
10. wifi * server * client
11. wifi hotspot * server * client 1. Anan zaka iya hadawa tahanyar amfani da bluetooth, yadda akeyi shine manhajar(application) daka sauke zaka tura a daya android din saika zabi wacce ce zata zama uwar-garke (server) wadda zakake kallon meke faruwa ta cikinta kamar kana kallon bidiyo, saikuma kazabi wacce kayadda da kyamarat ta tazamar maka camera(client), a wayar dakake so kake kallon abinda kyamarar take haskawa, saika danna server to bluetooth dinka zaibude ita kuma wadda zata zama camera saika danna client itama blutooth zaibude amma ita searching na bluetooth zakaga tanayi saika jira takammala idan tanemo sunan bluetooth na server saikai taba kan sunan zaifara pairing zakaga tanemi izini daga server saika danna yes shikenan kahada,saika danna hoton camera acikin android din damukace kadanna client yayin hadawa zakaga hoton abinda take haskawa, itakuma android dinda mukace kadanna server yayin hadawa zata fara amsar sakon hoto mai motsi wato zakake ganin duk wani abinda kyamarar daya android dinnan take haskawa,saika ajiye client a inda kake bukata,sannan kanada damar aikawa waccen wayar sako tahanyra wata alama dake kasa mai alamar chat, hakama abin yake idan da wifi zaka hada ko hostpot.

KUKASANCE DAMU

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YADDA AKE KIRKIRAR VIRUS

                YANDA AKE KIRKIRAR VIRUS

👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎

Assalamu'Alaikum! *Me Ake Bukata Domin Gudanar da Wannan Aikin?* Abinda Ake Bukata shine {Notepad} na cikin computar ka. *TA YAYA ZAN KIRKIRI VIRUS DIN?* 1.kai ka Copy wadannan code din dake a kasa. @echo off :begin msg *Your PC HAS BEEN HACKED BY SOMEONE msg *File will delete by Virus msg *3 msg *2 msg *1 msg *All of Your Files Have Been Deleted GOTO :BEGIN 2. saikaje cikin {Notepad} dinka kayi paste dinsu a ciki, sannan kayi save din wadannan code din da suna kamar haka file.bat [Hattara idan kazo wajen save na file din to kana iya sanya masa sunan da kake bukata ammafa ya kasance kasaka (.bat) akarshen sunan, misali idan sunan daka saka miharuna ne to saikasa miharuna.bat sannan kai saving, to duk computer daka sakawashi kuma kabudeshi to saita hargitse,idan kuma anaso tadawo dai-dai sai ayi rebooting nata ko restart.

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DARASI NA FARKO (1)

 

ASSALAMU ALAIKUM

MENENE COMPUTER

Menene COMPUTER kalmar computer tasamo asaline daga kalmar compute wato (lissafawa),

Kwamfuta nanufin duk wata na`ura da zata taimaka maka ka gabatar da wani aiki

Kwamfuta a gundarin harshen hausa na nufin na`ura mai kwakwalwa.

 

ABUBUWANDA KWAMFUTA TA KUNSA

 

 

             

 

JIGA-JIGAN AYYUKAN DA KWAMFUTA TAKEYI

Karbar kunshin bayanai wato (data)	Sanya mata kunshin bayanai (data)
Sarrafa bayanai	Sarrafawa
Fitar da  bayanai	Fitar da sakamako
Adana saka mako	Ma`ajiya

1 1.    Input data (saka danyan bayani)

Input data na nufin sanyawa kwamfuta danyan bayani ta siffar lambobi,bakake hotuna,bidiyo, sauti dasauransu, ta hanyar amfani da na`urar mashigar da danyan bayani(input device).

2 2           Process data: (sarrafa danyan bayani)

Processing data na nufin sarrafa danyan bayani da na`ura keyi yadda aka tsara mata,kuma hakan nafaruwa ne acikinta ma,ana ba,a iya ganin lokacinda hakan ke faruwa

3 3.       Output: (fitar da sarrafaffun bayanai)

Output nanufin fitar da sarrafaffun bayanai da na`ura takeyi yayin da ta kammala sarrafasu zata baka su amatsayin sakamako.kuma ana adanashi ne acikin ma`adana wato (storage device).

ALHAMDU LILLAH NANNE KARSHEN DARASI NA FARKO SAIKUMA HADUWA TA GABA,IDAN AKWAI MAI TAMBAYA YA IYA YINTA.

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YANDA AKE DAWO DA KAYAN DA SUKA BACE A MEMORY

YADDA AKE DAWO DA KAYAN DASUKE KAN MEMORY BAYAN AN GOGESU. DAGA FASAHAR COMPUTER. Daya daga cikin tambayoyin dajama’a suke yi a kowanelokaci shi ne ya mutum zai yi al-kacindayarasa kayan da yaajiye a cikin memory SD Card nawayarsa, Camera a sanadiyar kankare memory (formatting) kokuma an goge abin da ke ciki (deleting). Amma kafin in fadi yadda ake yin wannan aiki ko kuma manhajoji (software) da ake bukata yana da kyau in sanar da jama’a yadda shi wannan memory yake da kuma yadda ake lura da shi. Memory dai wani irin mazubi ne da aka yi shi domin ya ba mutum damar ya iya yin ajiyar kayan da aka yi su da wutar lantarki (electronic data) wanda ya hada da hotuna da rubutu da surkulle da duk wani abu da ake iya adana shi a cikin computer. Wadannan memory yana da yanayi mabanbanta dangane da yadda ake yin sa da kuma tsarin yinsa, sai dai mafi shahara shine wanda ake yin amfani da shi amafi yawan wayoyin tafida gidanka na zamani. A baya, mafi yawan kanfanonin dasuke kirkirar wayoyi ko kamara kowa na yin irin nasa memory, dangane da girma ko fadi, wanda ya sanya akwai matsalasosai yadda memorin wani kamfani baya aiki a wata na’ura da ba tasa ba. Amma bayan da waya kirar Android ta samu karbuwa sosai aduniya sai ya zama sun sami hadin kai wurin tabbatar da mazubin memory ya zama yana darami iri daya wanda zaizama kowace waya ko tablet zata yi amfani da su. A baya wannan memory ya na da tsada matuka, ga shi kuma yana da wahalar samuwa a kasash-en mu, ga shi kuma ba shi da girman wurin kwasan bayanai, amma Alhamudu Lillahi a yanzu wannan ta kau domin ana samu memory wanda a kalla yana iya daukar Gig dubu shi kadai. Daga cikin abin da yake damun jama’a shi ne yawan lalacewarsa da kuma rashin sa’a wuringogewar abin da ke ciki. Mutane da dama suna manta cewar Memory shima kayan kwam-futa ne, kuma yana iya lalacewa kowane lokaci, musamman idan aka yi rashin sa’awanda yake rike da shi bai iya lura da shi. Wani lokaci ba wai memorin ya lalaceba ne, a a an sami matsala ne da inda aka saka shi. Misali zai iya yuwuwa ka sami wayar da take daukar memory dayake da tsarin ajiyar bayanaina FAT (File Allocated Table) to idanka saka shi a cikin wata wayar da baya daukar wannan tsarin sai ka ji ta fada maka cewar wannan memorin yayi dameji. Ko kuma wani lokaci zaka ga duk abin da ke cikn memorin ya ki budewa ko kuma ya nuna alamar lalacewa wanda wannan shima ba yana nuna cewar memorin ya daina aiki ba ne kokuma kayan cikinsa sun lalace. Shima wannan yana dadanganta ne da irin File Sysmem din da aka ajiye kayan tunfarko. Wani lokaci kuma zaka ga ka dauko kaya daga cikin kwamfuta ko wata wayar amma da zarar ka tashi budewa sai ka ji ya nafada maka cewar Unsupported format wannan shima ba yana nu-fin cewar memorin ya lalace ba ne yana maganar cewar wayar bata da application din da zai bude. To duk wadannan ba abin da za mu yi magana ba ne a kai. Muna son muyi magana ne ga mu-tum da cikin rashin sani ko ma ganganci ya goge abin da ke cikin memory na wayarsa kuma yana son ya sake dawo da wannan kaya. A tsari irin na bature da kuma yadda yayi kayan ajiya na kwamfuta wato storage devices yana da kyau jama’a su sani cewar duk abin da ya taba shiga cikin memory na kwamfuta kowaya ko flash har abada yana nan, koda kuma an goge shi ko an yi formatin lallai yana nan, kumaza a iya dawo da shi. Saidai inda gizo ke saka shi ne dame yakamata in yi amfani wurindawo da wadannan kayan? Akwai hanyoyi mabanbanta da jama’a suke yin amfani da su wurin dawo da kayan da suke ci-kin memory, kadan daga ciki shine ta yin amfani da shafukan intanet domin samun biyan bukata. Sai dai a nawa shawarar ban cika son jama’a suna yin amfani da wasu shafukan intanet wurin irin wannan aiki ba, kasancewar mafi yawan irin wadannan shafuka na yan yaudara ne da zam-ba da kuma zubawa mutane miyagun virus cikin wayarka ko kuma kwamfutar ka. Amma akwai na kirki saidai mafi yawansu sai ka biya kudi. A wannan karatun zan nuna mana wadansu manhajojin kwamfuta na kyauta kuma garanti gaduk wanda yake son yayi amfani da su wurin dawo da kayan dasuka bace a memorinsa. Idan memorin yana cikin waya ne kokuma cikin kamara kuma idan ka hada shi da kwamfuta baya nuna memorin to yana dakyau ka ciro memorin daga cikin inda ya ke ka saka shi a cikinCard Reader domin fara yin wannan aiki. Abin kiyayewa shi ne, tunda dakwamfuta zaka yi wannan gyara to ka sani mafi yawan kwam-futar da muke amfani da ita a wannan kasa ta mu kashi 60 suna dauke da virus mai cinye kayan kwamfita ma mayar da su shortcut, to, amfani da irin wannan kwamfutar akwai hatsari, saboda haka ka sami kwamfutar da ka san tana da anti-virus mai kyau, kuma ana updating dinsa kafin ka zura shi. Wani hanzari ba gudu ba, idan kasan akwai wadansu kaya acikin memori din to yana da kyau ka kwashe su ka zuba su acikin wani folder domin kada garin so ka dawo da baya ya zama suna da suna iri daya da wannan sai ya daura a kansa. Wadannan dai sune kadan daga cikin abin da zan iya janhankali a kai kafin in nuna mana soft-ware din da zan yimagana a kai. Amfani da wadannan application ba wani wahala ya ke da su ba, da farko dai dukkansu kyauta ne kuma suna yin aiki sai kamar yadda ya kamata duk da de ba wai zan fadi mataki bayan mataki bin kowane daya daga cikin su ba ne, sai dai zan fadi shi application din dakuma amfanin sa.1 Recuva (Na aiki a Windows ne kawai) Wannan applica-tion na Recuva(version 1.5) nauyin sa 4.02MB ne kuma kyauta ne, yana aiki a kwamfutar da take da operating system na Windows ana kuma iya saka shi a Windows 2000 zuwa sama. Idan kana son ka dawo da files din ka dake cikin memory din ka. Zaka saka memorin a cikin Card Reader sannan ka zura shi a cikin kwamfutar da ka yi installing wannan application na Recuva, sai ka tashe shi (recuva) sai ka zabi shi memori din acikin jerin manyan kwakwalen da suke jikin kwamfutar. Sannansai ka taba maballin Scan.Zaka bashi lokaci don zai dawo dakayan da aka goge a cikinsannan zai baka maballin da aka rubuta Recover sai ka taba shi domin ya dawo maka da wanda kakeso.2 Pando-ra Recovery (Na aiki a Windows ne kawai)Pandora Recovery shi ma kyauta ne yana da girman 3.12MB,yana aiki a kwamfutar da aka sa mata Windows kuma wacce Operating System dinta ya fara da Windows XP zuwa sama. Shima yana aiki ne kamar yadda recuva, wato za a ciro memorin a saka a cikin Card Reader sai a saka a cikin kwamfutar da akayi Installing Pandora Recovery.Sannan zai zabi kodai yayiQuick Scan ko Deep Scan. Shi na Quick Scan ga wanda ya keson ya dawo da abubuwan ya-yi deleting ne amma wanda yake son ya dawo da wadanda aka yi formatting shi zai amfani da Deep Scan.Bayan ya gama scanning za ka iyazaba tsakanin kodai ka yi amfani da Pandora Re-covery Wizard sai ka yi amfani da sharudda da zai rika fitowa kana zaba har ka gama, ko kuma ka yi right click ka zabi abin da kake son ka dawo da su. This post is copyright from fasahar internet 'kimiyya'

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KASUWANCIN YANAR GIZO-GIZO

HADA HADAR KUDADE TA CRYPTOCURRENCY Wani Sabon Kamfani JAAlifestyle Daga England, Ya Baje Manhajarsa A Nigeria Domin Samun Kudi Ta Online Kyauta. JAAlifestyle ko baka saka kudinka ba idan har kayi rajista zaka samu kudi cikin hanya mai sauki, kayi ragista https://secure.jaalifestyle.com/ref/zaharaddeengandu JAAlifestyle 'Yan Jaridu suna fira da wakilansu a jihar Katsina, a gidan radiyo na Vision FM 92.1 da misalin karfe 5:00pm a ranar kowacce Asabar. Sannan Kuma yau sun gabatar da wani taro na wayar dakai a cikin Mumbayya House Kano, Sa'adu Zungur hall, da misalin karfe 11:00am. Wannan shi ne kadan daga cikin hanyar da zaka binciko gaskiyar kamfanin JAAlifestyle, lokacine da Allah ya kawomu ta yadda zamu samu rufin asiri cikin sauki na rayuwa, kuma yakamata ku sani cewa; wannan ba kamar irin sauran da kuka Sani bane, irinsu; INSME, U-WORK, GET APP, MY BONUS da sauransu. Wannan Gwamnati tasan da shi, kuma manyan kasar sunsan da shi, kuma ansan kowa tinda zaka iya zuwa wajen wakilansu, Sannan Kuma ko baka saka kudinka ba zaka iya samun kudi duk wata kuma ka fitar da zarar ya fara aiki, Wallahi ku jaraba kuyi rajista. https://secure.jaalifestyle.com/ref/zaharaddeengandu JAAlifestyle Kamfani ne mai zaman kanshi Wanda kuma ya hada manyan kasashen duniya da yawa, wanda Allah ya sa muma Muna daga cikinsu, dan haka idan kana buqatar qarin bayani a kan wannan platform din zaka iyayin searching a Google ko Facebook na JAALIFESTYLE domin kasamu karin bayani da gamsuwa fiyeda haka, ko kuma Ku yi joining ta WhatsApp dinsu. https://chat.whatsapp.com/CeqoRyivtM6Ecbkyyj978M

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KASUWANCIN YANAR GIZO-GIZO

KASUWANCIN YANAR GIZO-GIZO Bitcoin shine crypto currency mafi girma a duniya, amma akwai dubbunnan sauran crypto a kasuwa. Yana da amfani ka samu ƙarin sani game da duniyar crypto harma kasan coins ko tokens da za a saya a cikinsu . A cikin wannan rubutun, zaka fahimci nau'ikan nau'ikan cryptocurrencies da yadda zaku iya amfani da wannan ilimin don zaɓar coyinin ko kuma token. Tun zuwan Bitcoin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an ƙirƙiri dubunnan sauran coins da tokens na cryptocurrencies, waɗanda aka haɗa su da suna altcoins, wato alternative coins. Misali, bayanin babban gidan yanar sadarwar na kasuwancin crypto na CoinMarketCap a halin yanzu yana dauke da coins 8,350, tare da yiwuwar dubunnai masu zuwa nan gaba. akwai coins da suke kan tsarin fasahar blockchain kamar, Ethereum (ETH) shine babban coins dayake kan fasahar blockchain na biyu a duniya bayan Bitcoin. Izuwa yanzu akwai tokens sama da 280,000 a kan hanyar Blockchain network na Ethereum wato ERC-20, kuma sama da 40 daga cikin waɗannan tokens suna cikin manyan cryptocurrencies 100 a duniya a kasuwar coin market cap. Ethereum yayi nisa sossai a tsarin a blockchain, a yanzu haka, akwai biyu daga cikin coins da ake gani a matsayin abokan hamayyar Ethereum, sune Polkadot (DOT) da Cardano (ADA), a halin yanzu sune na hudu da na shida mafi girma a duniya. Polkadot ya nada fasahar blockchain na musamman inda yake hada blocks dayawa kuma ya dunkule su a cikin hanyar network guda ɗaya, yayin da Cardano babban maƙasudin blockchain ne wanda ke alfahari da kasancewa bisa ga binciken masana na ƙwararru wato research. Sauran nau ikan crypto waɗanda galibi suke ƙarƙashin wannan rukunin sun haɗa da Tezos (XTZ), EOS (EOS), da Tron (TRON) da ma sauransu. a cikin duniyar crypto, akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa, da tunani game da abin da zai zamo madadin Bitcoin, wannan yasa aketa kirkiran coins da tokens.. Bisa ga adalci, zamu guji bada takamaiman wane coins zaka siya domin ita ribar na iya zuwa cikin kankani ko kuma dogon lokaci wanda bamu da tabbacin fada maka ga lokacin, amman anamu bangaren akwai wanda muke musu kyakkyawan zato nan gaba, domin zasu kawo alheri sossai, aƙalla a yanzu zaka ga rukunonin kala kala na coins da tokens da masana'antun suke kirkira a yan shekarunnan wanda amfani dasu daza ayi dasu wurin kasuwancin, siye ko kuma siyarwa shi zai ba coins nasu daraja a kasuwa, a haka dai suke tunanin zasu zarce bitcoins. A ƙarshe, muna ƙarfafa cewa duk kudin da zaku saka akan crypto kar ya zamo kuɗin da kuke bukatar su nan kusa, kuma akarshe ka tuna ba saka jari kayi ba, kadara kasiya ka ajiye zuwa wani lokacin in farashinta yatashi zaka siyar haka zalika wannan kadarar taka farashin zai iya faduwa, zaka iya siyarwa nan take ko kuma kajira har sai darajar ta a kasuwa ya tashi ma'ana kayi haquri har ya koma yanda yake sannan kasiyar, zabi ya rage ga naka . Mu a Kamfanin Fafutuka mun yarda da 'yancin kuɗi' domin kai kasan nawa kake da halin sakawa a wannan harkar, karku manta duk kasuwancin da mutum zaiyi akwai riba da faduwa, toh hakama a crypto akan fadi shima. Mun aminta cewa zai fi kyau mu taimaka mu sanar da ku game da abin da ake kira “crypto” Ya zaku siya, kuma ya zaku siyar, a kyauta zamu koya muku in kun zo ofishin mu. Sannan mu ba ku kwarin gwiwar yin bincike da kanku, da kuma yanke shawarar mai yakamata kuyi. this post is copyright.

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